Whether the accused is bound to provide voice sample to investigation officers. Whether he has any protection against such obligation?
The Indian Constitution provides immunity to an accused against self-incrimination under Article 20(3). It provides that no person accused of any offence shall be compelled to be a witness against himself. It is based on the maxim " Nemon tenetur seipsum accusare " which means ‘ No one is obligated to blame himself. ’ This protection is also backed by various other principles of criminal law, which are as follows: Presumption – Accused to be innocent until proven guilty. Onus – Rests upon the head of the Prosecution to prove the guilty beyond reasonable doubt. Right to remain silent – Accused cannot be compelled to disclose any information against his will. In M.P. Sharma v. Satish Chandra AIR 1954 SC 300 court made a view that "to be witness is nothing more than to furnish evidence" and the court held 1. 'To be a witness' is not equivalent to 'furnishing evidence' in its widest significance; that is to say, as including not merely making of ora...